Jurisdiction is the power and authority of a court to try, hear and decide a case and to carry its judgment into effect. The term "jurisdiction" is derived from two Latin words "juris" and "dico" which, when used together, literally mean, "I speak of the law". Thus, in order for a court to validly act upon a dispute submitted to it for decision, it must first acquire jurisdiction.

However, jurisdiction has many aspects depending on nature of the legal dispute, whether it is criminal or civil action. In criminal actions, jurisdiction of the court is, as a general rule, determined on the basis of the place where the crime is committed. And as to civil cases, jurisdiction depends on the subject-matter, the parties to the controversy, the res or the thing involved in the dispute as well as the issue to be resolved.

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